新型生物——人工复合血管研制的初步报告

本文设计一种由胶原和高分子聚合物组成的新型生物一人工复合血管。其研制过程是将包绕有聚酯网的硅胶棒埋入羊的皮下组织,再将形成的经聚酯网为支架的胶原管经醛化处理。作者通过肉眼和SEM观察提出了研制生物——人工复合血管的要点:聚酯网网孔要合适,其与硅胶棒的间隙要恰当,理化处理方法更要选择好。     

青霉素和NAA与6—BA配合在离体草莓器官建成中的作用

本实验研究了青霉素和ＮＡＡ与６－ＢＡ配合对离体草莓器官建成以及体内过氧化物同工酶的影响。结果表明：青霉素促进不定根的分化,但抑制不定根的伸长和不定芽的分化,并且不同程度地影响器官建成过程中过氧化和抽工酶的谱带和活性。青霉素与植物激素一样,参与了植物体内的生理代谢而引起植物器官建成。     

Na_2SO_3和NaHCO_3对叶绿体CF_1－ATPase活力作用的机制

Ｎａ２ＳＯ３对热－ＤＴＴ活化的游离ＣＦ１及类囊体膜上ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力均有显著的促进作用,ＮａＨＣＯ３亦有明显的促进作用。Ｎａ２ＳＯ３和ＮａＨＣＯ３的促进作用与它们解除Ｍｇ２＋的抑制作用有关。从ＮａＨＣＯ３和Ｎａ２ＳＯ３及它们与Ｍｇ２＋之间的竞争性关系,表明三者是结合在酶的同一部位上。Ｎａ２ＳＯ３可明显降低热－ＤＴＴ活化的游禹ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰａｓｅ催化反应的活化能,这可能与促进产物ＡＤＰ的释放有关。     

简便、快速提取高质量的RNA分子

MethodsforHandy,RapidIsolationofHighQualityRNAbyGuanadiumThioeyauateDuJianYuanYanhuaMaShenglinDongZhiwei(BeijingInstituteforCancerResearchBeijing100034)硫氰胍是一种有效的蛋白变性剂。早在1979年,Chirgwin等就利用氯化铯／硫氰胍超离心技术成功地从RNA酶富集的胰脏组织中提取出未降解的RNA分子[2],从而使它成为抑制RNA酶的首选药物并得到广泛使用,但受到超速离心设备的限制。1983年,Cathala报道了氯化锂／硫氰胍RNA提取法[1]。该方法操作简便,获得的RNA质量很高,但所需时间较长。为了能在短时间内更快…     

A reporter gene analysis of penicillin biosynthesis gene expression in Penicillium chrysogenum and its regulation by nitrogen and glucose catabolite repression.

Vectors which possess a truncated niaD gene encoding nitrate reductase were developed to allow targeted gene integration during transformation of an niaD mutant Penicillium chrysogenum host. The Penicillium genes pcbC and penAB are immediately adjacent to each other and are divergently transcribed, with an intergenic control region serving as their promoters. Gene fusions were constructed with a reporter gene, uidA, which encodes beta-glucuronidase. The pcbC-penAB intergenic region was fused to the uidA gene in both orientations so that regulated expression of each structural gene could be investigated. These fusion genes were targeted to the chromosomal site of the niaD locus of P. chrysogenum, and their expression was examined under different growth conditions. The expression of each of these penicillin biosynthesis genes was found to be regulated by nitrogen repression, glucose repression, and growth stage control.     

Effects of low root zone temperatures on the early stages of symbiosis establishment between soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and Bradyrhizobium japonicum

It is known that low root zone temperatures (RZT) have moreeffect on infection and early nodule development than on nitrogenfixation by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. However, therehave been no studies regarding how the low RZT inhibit the infectionstages of soybean. Two controlled environment experiments wereconducted to examine the effect of low RZT on bacterial attachmentto, and infection thread penetration of, soybean root hairs.The experimental designs were (1) plants maintained at 25, 17.5or 15C RZT, or transferred from 25 or 17.5 to 15C RZT at either0.5, 1, 2, or 7d after inoculation (DAI), (2) early symbioticestablishment between soybean and Bradyrhizobium japonicum wasexamined microscopically under three RZT (15, 17.5 and 25C).These results indicated that (1) keeping plants at 25C only0.5 DAI prior to transfer to a 15C RZT accelerates the onsetof N₂ fixation at 15C RZT by 6 d, (2) at RZT between 25 and17.5C the infection processes were progressively delayed astemperature declined, (3) RZT less than 17C strongly inhibitedinfection steps, such that when RZT dropped 8.5C from 25 to17.5C infection initiation was delayed 1 d, while when RZTdropped only 2.5C from 17.5 to 15C, infection initiation wasdelayed another 2 d. Key words: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, low temperature, nodulation, soybean     

Expression of mouse metallothionein-I gene confers cadmium resistance in transgenic tobacco plants

Transgenic tobacco plants containing a mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I) gene fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV 35S) promoter and nopaline synthase (nos) polyadenylation site were obtained by transforming tobacco leaf discs with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain carrying the chimaeric gene. Transformants were directly selected and rooted on medium containing cadmium and kanamycin. A total of 49 individual transgenic tobacco plants were regenerated. Among them 20% showed a very high expression level and their growth was unaffected by up to 200 M cadmium, whereas the growth of control plants was severely affected leaf chlorosis occurred on medium containing only 10 M cadmium. The concentration of MT-I in leaves of control and transgenic tobacco was determined with Cd/haemoglobin saturation assay, a polarographic method and western blotting. In addition, seeds from self-fertilized transgenic plants were germinated on medium containing toxic levels of cadmium and scored for tolerance/susceptibility to this heavy metal. The ratio of tolerant to susceptible plants was 3:1 indicating that the metallothionein gene is inherited as a single locus.     

New killing system controlled by two genes located immediately upstream of the mukB gene in Escherichia coli

The nucleotide sequence was determined of the region upstream of the mukB gene of Escherichia coli. Two new genes were found, designated kicA and kicB (killing of cell); the gene order is kicB-kicA-mukB. Promoter activities were detected in the regions immediately upstream of kicB and kicA, but not in front of mukB. Gene disruption experiments revealed that the kicA disruptant was nonviable, but the kicB-disrupted mutant and the mutant lacking both the kicB and kicA genes were able to grow. When kicA disruptant cells bearing a temperature-sensitive replication plasmid carrying the kicA ⁺ gene were grown at 30° C and then transferred to 42° C, the mutant cells gradually lost colony-forming ability, even in the presence of a mukB ⁺ plasmid. Rates of protein synthesis, but not of RNA or DNA synthesis, fell dramatically during incubation at 42° C. These results suggested that the kicB gene encodes a killing factor and the kicA gene codes for a protein that suppresses the killing function of the kicB gene product. It was also demonstrated that KicA and KicB can function as a post-segregational killing system, when the genes are transferred from the E. coli chromosome onto a plasmid.